people of the Australian soil and of clamouring but for the three „c", convicts, coolies (Kanakas) and Chinamen.*)

The unification of the Australian colonies in the Commonwealth was the deed of the progressive elements and especially of those who politically were organized in the Australian Labour Party. The inspi-ration of Australian public spirit, of Australian patriotism emanated from these circles for whom the separatism of the colonies was an unpleasant Institution no longer in harmony with the spirit of the age as the legislative body of each colony was a stronghold of the con-servative elements represented by the great land-owners (squatters).

The original programme of the Labour Party was one of democratic progress in generál and of social reformš, free from the doctrines of revolutionary socialism, and therefore it did not deter the liberale from co-operating and from voting with the party. This great party was supported by a solid Organization, the members of which were ready to sacrifice everything for their ideals, and they even succeeded to gain over classes who for traditional or materiál reasons were not well disposed towards socialism. As long as no entirely socialist motions were brought forward, their reformátory motions were readily listened to by almost the whole population and the main doctrines of their ideology сап be said to have become the dogma of the Australian economic creed which even to-day nobody dares to attack from fear to become unpopulär.**)

The ideals of Australian liberty are very lofty and we have to admit that Australia just as New Zealand made every effort to realize thorough social reformš, long before similar motions had any chance to succeed in historical lands.

In comparing Australia with the United States of America, we follow entirely different opinions about private enterprise for the common weal and this is one of the principál agents in the entirely different economic and social mentality and development of these two great free states. In America private enterprises took hold of almost everything and the American public raised no objections against foreign, especially English, capital co-operating and having a share in the profit. Individual enterprise in all spheres of economic activity, unhampered as far as po-sible by laws and prescriptions, that is the American ideal which always triumphed over all well-meant reformš in the way of state-socialism.